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All the C++ classes and functions are available with
#include <gmpxx.h>
Programs should be linked with the libgmpxx and libgmp libraries. For example,
g++ mycxxprog.cc -lgmpxx -lgmp
The classes defined are
The standard operators and various standard functions are overloaded to allow arithmetic with these classes. For example,
int main (void) { mpz_class a, b, c; a = 1234; b = "-5678"; c = a+b; cout << "sum is " << c << "\n"; cout << "absolute value is " << abs(c) << "\n"; return 0; }
An important feature of the implementation is that an expression like
a=b+c
results in a single call to the corresponding mpz_add
,
without using a temporary for the b+c
part. Expressions which by their
nature imply intermediate values, like a=b*c+d*e
, still use temporaries
though.
The classes can be freely intermixed in expressions, as can the classes and
the standard types long
, unsigned long
and double
.
Smaller types like int
or float
can also be intermixed, since
C++ will promote them.
Note that bool
is not accepted directly, but must be explicitly cast to
an int
first. This is because C++ will automatically convert any
pointer to a bool
, so if GMP accepted bool
it would make all
sorts of invalid class and pointer combinations compile but almost certainly
not do anything sensible.
Conversions back from the classes to standard C++ types aren’t done
automatically, instead member functions like get_si
are provided (see
the following sections for details).
Also there are no automatic conversions from the classes to the corresponding GMP C types, instead a reference to the underlying C object can be obtained with the following functions,
These can be used to call a C function which doesn’t have a C++ class
interface. For example to set a
to the GCD of b
and c
,
mpz_class a, b, c; ... mpz_gcd (a.get_mpz_t(), b.get_mpz_t(), c.get_mpz_t());
In the other direction, a class can be initialized from the corresponding GMP C type, or assigned to if an explicit constructor is used. In both cases this makes a copy of the value, it doesn’t create any sort of association. For example,
mpz_t z; // ... init and calculate z ... mpz_class x(z); mpz_class y; y = mpz_class (z);
There are no namespace setups in gmpxx.h, all types and functions are simply put into the global namespace. This is what gmp.h has done in the past, and continues to do for compatibility. The extras provided by gmpxx.h follow GMP naming conventions and are unlikely to clash with anything.
Next: C++ Interface Integers, Previous: C++ Class Interface, Up: C++ Class Interface [Index]